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Dammam
This is a large drum in one piece. The drum is
covered with goatskin, which is secured by a cord, which is knotted
seven times, and made from the fibers of a date palm. It is played
with a wooden stick and/or with the hand. In the south of Iran it
is played in religious ceremonies and kept in the Mosque.
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Dohol
This is a wooden drum that is covered on both
sides with buffalo skin. The Dohol is hung, and played with two different
sticks of varying textures. Today it is played at weddings and public
festivals. During the walks of the nomads it was fastened to horses
and played incessantly. This was for two reasons; the first was to
make the long route audibly clear to those at a distance, and the
other to provide the animals with a running rhythm.
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Tombak
(also referred to as the Zarb)
This is a drum shaped like a goblet, and is made from Walnut, or Mulberry
tree wood. It is usually covered with goat or camel skin, and is played
with the most impeccable finger technique. When played the Tombak
is placed under the arm and rested on the thigh. The bass note known
as the "Tom" is produced in the middle of the drum, while
the high note "Bak" is created on the narrow edge of the
instrument.
The Tombak is often used in classical Iranian music, and these days,
is no longer only used as an accompanying instrument.
Although the Tombak simple in its construction, it offers the player
diverse possibilities to perform the most complicated rhythms, with
the greatest variety of sound possibilities.
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Daf
This is a frame drum made out of wood. One side
is covered with lamb or Goatskin, and on the inside of the frame little
metal rings are attached which sound at the smallest movement. When
played it is held with both hands, and played with the fingers. It
has a religious significance in that the Daf accompanies singing and
songs of praise.
It today established a permanent position in the Iranian classical
orchestra.
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Ney-Anban
Is manufactured from goatskin, in particular tanned skin, to which
a double reed pipe and mouthpiece are attached with the other end
being merely tied together. The performer blows in the mouthpiece,
and plays the melody on the double reed pipe, which has six holes
for fingering. In the South of Iran the NeyAnban is played not
only at weddings, but also at funeral services. In earlier times,
the Ney-Anban it was not allowed to be played next to Dammam.
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Tabla
This is a pair of drums, the Dayan for the right
hand and Bayan for the left. The Dayan is made from a piece of hardwood,
while the Bayan is produced from copper or metal. Both are covered
with goatskin, which is stretched into the middle and surrounded with
a tape that is filled with iron shavings or flour.
The Dayan is tunable and capable of playing scales. The Bayan is a
bass drum on which only two notes can be played. It was in the 18th
century in North India that the instrument was first used in the court
as an accompanying instrument. The playing techniques of the other
drums were adapted for it and through its beautiful sound and
versatility, the instrument became more favored than other older drums.
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Zarb-E Sourkhaneh
Is a large goblet like drum made from clay and covered with goatskin.
It is played with the hands. The drummer gives, through his playing
the rhythms for the sequences of movements.
In the Sourkhaneh it is only played by specifically trained Morsheds.
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Zang
Is a cymbal made of brass. In the Sourkhaneh it is played by the Morsheds
who beat it with their hands, in order to convey a rhythm or movement
change.
It is also sounded to show respect at the entry of honored guests.
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